Industry and Development Practice Test

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• What term describes a state in which a union and an employer may not negotiate a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment?
• Which location is listed as an Eastern Europe industrial region?
• Which term is used for the divide between the affluent North and the poorer South?
• Which term describes the clustering of economic activity to gain shared services and infrastructure?
• Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan are collectively known as what?
• Which activity is typical in the Initiation stage?
• What is a logical framework approach (logframe) and its role in project design?
• The most advanced form of Quaternary activities consisting of high-level decision making for large corporations or high-level scientific research.
• Which set correctly lists the three main site factors considered in location theory?
• Which term refers to manufacturing that is not constrained by transport costs?
• Why is post-resettlement monitoring important in land acquisition programs?
• Which stage focuses on post-implementation evaluation and benefits realization?
• In development projects, what is the role of independent verification and auditing?
• What is gender-inclusive development?
• Which stage involves economy diversification, with leading sectors leveling off and others taking off, reducing poverty and raising living standards?
• Which economic indicator refers to the total value of goods and services produced by residents of a country within a year, including income earned from abroad?
• Which stage of economic development is characterized by bartering and traditional social structures, often lasting thousands of years?
• Which statement best describes the role of adaptation measures for climate risk in project planning?
• How should vendor performance and supplier relationships be managed?
• Manufacturing industries in which transport costs do not determine location choices are called what?
• Which concept describes the selective transfer of some jobs to less developed countries?
• Which term describes flexible production as opposed to assembly line manufacturing?
• What is the purpose of a benefits realization plan?
• Which term describes the grouping that includes New England, Middle Atlantic, Mohawk Valley, Pittsburgh-Lake Erie, and Western Great Lakes in the United States?
• Mass production on an assembly line where each worker performs a single specific task is known as what?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes a prefeasibility study from a feasibility study?
• How do you ensure reliability and maintainability of infrastructure assets studied in development projects?
• Which item is not typically part of a risk register?
• What is a baseline schedule and how is it used in project control?
• What term refers to a process of improving the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology?
• The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials.
• Maquiladoras are associated with which country?
• Which development strategy encourages a country to identify its unique strengths and compete internationally by leveraging those strengths?
• What term describes turning over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers?
• Which model explains how economic, political, and cultural power is distributed among core, semi-peripheral, and peripheral regions?
• The indicator counting maternal deaths per 100,000 live births is known as what?
• What are the essential components of a project closeout report?
• Which tool maps stakeholders on the power/interest grid?
• Which data collection method yields descriptive insights?
• Home-based manufacturing before the Industrial Revolution is known as what?
• Which term describes lending programs that provide small loans to individuals in developing regions to foster entrepreneurship?
• Which model describes economic growth as progressing through five stages from Traditional Society to High Mass Consumption?
• What is a primary purpose of governance in change management?
• Where did the Industrial Revolution originate?
• What is the impact of data triangulation on monitoring results?
• The percentage of a country's people who can read and write is known as which metric?
• Which trade approach emphasizes fair wages, union organizing rights, and environmental standards for producers?
• Baseline conditions in an ESMP refer to which of the following?
• Which term describes a workplace where workers are not required to join a union to be employed?
• Which statement best describes governance and ethics in industry practice?
• Which term describes the North-South socio-economic division between wealthy developed nations and poorer developing nations?
• What term describes an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country?
• What is a benefits realization plan in project management used for?
• An economy that relies on the export of primary commodities for a large share of its export earnings is described as having what characteristic?
• Maquiladoras are factories built by U.S. companies in which country near the U.S. border to exploit lower labor costs?
• Which UN index measures gender inequality across reproductive health, empowerment, and labor market participation?
• Which term describes the period of rapid industrial development that originated in the United Kingdom and nearby regions during the 18th to 19th centuries?
• Which statement correctly contrasts fixed-price and cost-reimbursement contracts and the implications for risk?
• In Rostow's modernization model, what stage comes after Pre-conditions to take-off?
• Which term best describes economic activity that operates outside government regulation and taxation?
• Which factor involves transporting materials to and from a factory to minimize costs?
• Which technique is commonly used to identify and mitigate risk using a structured, probabilistic approach?
• In development projects, what is a key function of innovation management?
• Which statement describes a limitation of IRR when dealing with non-conventional cash flows?
• Which type of investment typically grants the investor control over a foreign business?
• The knowledge-based sector including research and development, business consulting, financial services, education, public administration, and software development.
• What does benefits realization describe in project outcomes?
• Which three costs are minimized in Weber's least-cost theory?
• Which theory, developed by Alfred Weber, locates manufacturing by minimizing three costs: labor, transportation, and agglomeration?
• Economic activities deliberately organized around one or more high-growth industries describe which concept?
• What is data triangulation in project monitoring?
• Which sector is typically associated with agriculture, mining, and forestry?
• Value engineering/value management is best described as:
• Which term describes a product whose final weight exceeds inputs due to added materials?
• How do you assess market conditions and demand risk for a development project?
• What is the final stage in Rostow's modernization model?
• Which statement best describes local content in procurement?
• Which item is least likely to be considered infrastructure?
• What is a procurement risk register and what should it capture?
• Which activity is typical of the Planning stage?
• How do you conduct a financial feasibility assessment for a water supply project?
• Which measure includes the total income earned by a country's residents, including income from abroad, regardless of where the income is earned?
• Which concept involves concentrating investment around one or more growth hubs to stimulate broader regional development?
• How does urban planning influence development practice in terms of infrastructure and services?
• Which term is associated with global patterns of economic power distribution between core and periphery regions?
• Which steps are involved in planning for capacity building and skills development in a development project?
• Which sector includes knowledge-based activities such as research and development and software development?
• Which approach aims to build a country's independence from foreign economies and foster its ability to provide for its own people?
• In the development project lifecycle, which activity is typically performed during the Initiation stage?
• What is a performance-based contract and its advantages in development projects?
• Which combination provides a comprehensive approach to evaluating environmental and social impacts of a project?
• How is capacity building monitoring outcomes and knowledge transfer typically used in development projects?
• Which party typically bears availability and performance risk in PPPs?
• Which term describes a country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development?
• Which statement best describes the role of innovation management in development projects?
• Which actions characterize the Procurement/Implementation stage?
• Which term describes a product that weighs more or occupies greater volume than its inputs?
• Which term best describes an economy whose export earnings are dominated by primary commodities?
• Which stage is described by the development of a manufacturing sector and increased participation in world markets, starting with industries like textiles?
• Which description best defines change management in development projects?
• Why is alignment with national development plans and policies important in project selection?
• Which term refers to the value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country?
• Describe the difference between capital budgeting and operating budgeting in projects.
• Which term describes a product that weighs less or occupies smaller volume than its inputs?
• According to Weber, which cost is easiest to control with good infrastructure?
• During tender evaluation, what is typically performed?
• Which of the following is a component of an environmental and social management plan (ESMP)?
• Which sequence lists key steps in an effective tender process?
• A country at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development is commonly referred to as which of the following?
• A monetary measurement of development that takes into account what money buys in different countries.
• Which statement best contrasts short-term and long-term project performance metrics?
• What term describes the provision of small loans and other financial services to individuals and small businesses in developing countries?
• How does climate change risk influence project planning and adaptation strategies?
• What is the Social Return on Investment (SROI) and its use in development assessment?
• Which type of tax is applied to imported goods?
• Which stage includes post-implementation review and performance evaluation?
• Which term describes the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise?
• Which statement about the baseline schedule is correct in relation to change control?
• What is the role of data governance in development practice?
• What does ESH policy cover and how does it integrate with project governance?
• Locational interdependence is associated with which economist?
• Which term best describes inventory practices that trigger replenishment based on actual consumption to minimize on-hand stock?
• How should cultural and community engagement be managed in development practice?
• The portion of the economy that includes transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment.
• Which assessment focuses on social impacts such as livelihoods and displacement?
• Which term describes a product whose final weight is less than inputs?
• Which sector is associated with manufacturing and construction activities?
• Which stage involves leaders investing in infrastructure and leveraging external funding to prepare for industrial growth?
• How do you ensure quality assurance and quality control on a development project?
• A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another is called what?
• An approach typical of traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of a highly complex production process.
• What are the main components of a life-cycle sustainability assessment in development projects?
• Which approach fosters transparent engagement with communities during development projects?
• Which option best describes the key considerations in land acquisition and resettlement for infrastructure projects?
• Which term describes the sector of the economy that is not regulated or taxed by the state?
• Explain the purpose of a risk register and what elements it should include.
• Which sector often includes services such as retail, hospitality, and entertainment?
• What is sustainable development in the context of project design?
• In a logframe, what is the role of indicators and verification?
• Which metric measures the share of a population able to read and write, as a basic indicator of education?
• Which period is characterized by a shift from heavy industry to consumer goods and a dominant tertiary sector?
• What term refers to the 17 goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to reduce disparities between developed and developing countries by 2030?
• What is 'scope creep' and how can it be prevented in development projects?
• Which term refers to the result from the unique characteristics of a location such as land, labor, and capital?
• Which statement about Gross National Product is true?
• A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee, is called what?
• The indicator that measures births to women aged 15-19 per 1,000 women is called what?
• The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface (agriculture, mining, fishing, and forestry).
• Which framework replaced the Millennium Development Goals in 2015, outlining global development targets through 2030?
• What does a sensitivity analysis do in project viability?
• Which activity is central to a life-cycle sustainability assessment?
• Which approach best describes lifecycle optimization in asset management?
• Which inventory management method minimizes on-hand inventory by receiving goods only as they are needed for production?
• Which activity is typically included in the Planning stage?
• The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births is termed which indicator?
• Which outcome is improved by integrating gender considerations into development practice?
• What practice enhances donor confidence in development reporting?
• Which cycle is used to implement an HSE management system?
• An industry where labor costs are a high percentage of total expenses.
• The location of an industry in reference to the location of other industries that are like it is known as which concept?
• What is discount rate and how is it chosen for development project appraisal?
• Which term best describes economic activity concentrated in a single location rather than dispersed?
• Which composite indicator, calculated by the United Nations, combines GNI, expected years of schooling, mean years of schooling, and life expectancy to measure development?
• Which stage includes contracts, mobilization, construction?
• Explain the concept of public-private partnerships (PPP) and typical risk allocations.